Nozzle for applying cutting fluid in a flat stream



Oct. 22, 1957 A. BIBER 2,810,608

NOZZLE FOR APPLYING CUTTING FLUID IN A FLAT STREAM Filed July 7. 1953F1162. yres. F165.

l: E T: l i I 2 INVENTOR. ALBERT BI BELR ATT'oRNmr United States PatentNOZZLE FOR AFPLYIN G CUTTING FLUID IN A FLAT STREAM Albert Biber,Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to Gulf Research & Development Company,Pittsburgh, Pa., :1 corporation of Delaware Application July 7, 1953,Serial No. 366,438

3 Claims. (Cl. 299-154) The present invention relates to a nozzleassembly, and more particularly pertains to a nozzle for emitting a fiatnon-spreading stream that may be adjusted angularly about itslongitudinal axis.

Generally, the invention resides in the structure and method of making anozzle having a passageway therethrough which for at least a portion ofits axial extent changes progressively in its transverse configurationfrom being circular to being substantially fiat, the rate of suchprogressive changes in configuration being at a maximum intermediate theaxial extent of such portion and appreaching zero adjacent the oppositeends of such portion. In the preferred form of the invention, theaforementioned progressive changes in the transverse configuration ofthe passageway are also accompanied by a progressive decrease in thecross-sectional area of the passageway. The invention also resides in anangular mount ing rib on the nozzle and means engaging such mounting ribfor securing the nozzle in adjusted angular relationship about itslongitudinal axis to a feed conduit.

The invention is fully described hereinafter with reference being madeto the accompanying drawings, where- Figure 1 is an elevational view ofthe discharge end of the nozzle of this invention;

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken upon the plane of sectionline 22 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view taken upon the plane of sectionline 33 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a side elevational view, on a reduced scale, of the nozzleassembly with portions thereof being cut away and shown in section toillustrate the manner in which the nozzle of Figure 1 is secured to thefeed conduit; and,

Figure 5 is a longitudinal central sectional view of the nozzle of thisinvention at an intermediate stage of manufacture.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral designates generally the nozzleof this invention. The nozzle 10 is best shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3wherein the same will be seen to be of integral construction andcomprised of a hollow cylindrical section 12 provided with an annularmounting rib 14. The hollow cylindrical section 12 is partially closedat one end by a wall 16 through which the interior of the hollowcylindrical section 12 opens into the lip section 18 of the nozzle.

The cylindrical section 12, the wall 16, and the lip section 18 of thenozzle define a passageway having a longitudinally straight axiscomprised of four contiguous portions, namely, a portion 20 of circularcylindrical configuration, a portion 22 of circular cylindricalconfiguration and of lesser diameter than the passageway portion 20, aportion 24 of progressively varying transverse dimensions, and a portion25 of short axial extent that is of constant transverse dimensions andwhich opens through the outer extremity of lip section 18. The junctureof passageway portions 24 and 25 is indicated in Figure 2 by the dashedline 25'.

,. 2,810,608 P tented O t." 2 19,57

The passageway portion 24 at its end adjacent the passageway portion 22has a cross section identical with that of the passageway portion 22;however, as best shown in Figures 2 and 3, the cross section of thepassageway portion 24 at the end thereof adjacent the passageway portion25 is of an elongated configuration having substantially parallel sidesand semicircular ends. As will be noted upon comparing Figures 2 and 3,the crosssectional configuration of the passageway portion 24progressively and smoothly changes throughout its axial extent from thecross-sectional configuration at one extremity to that of its otherextremity.

Inspection of Figures 2 and 3 will also show that the passageway portion24 progressively increases in one transverse dimension, whileprogressively decreasing in a transverse dimension perpendicularthereto, it being especially noteworthy that the rate of suchprogressive changes is at a maximum intermediate the axial extent of thepassageway portion 24 and that such rate of progressive changes is equalto or at least approaches zero adjacent the opposite axial extremitiesof the passageway portion 24.

In the preferred form of the invention shown in the drawings, theprogressive changes in the transverse dimensions of the passagewayportion 24 are also accompanied by a progressive decrease in thecross-sectional area of the passageway portion 24, such progressivedecrease in cross sectional area having a maximum rate intermediate theaxial extent of the passageway portion 24 and at least approaching zeroadjacent the opposite axial extremities thereof. The advantages stemmingfrom the unique configuration of the passageway portion 24 described inthis and the preceding paragraph will be subsequently set forth. It willalso be noted that the rate of the progressive dimensional changesvaries smoothly and continuously.

The shape of the lip section 18 and the unique configuration of thepassageway portions 24 and 25 therethrough will perhaps be more clearlyunderstood upon description of the preferred method of fabricating thesame. Referring to Figure 5, there is designated generally at 26 a workpiece representing an intermediate stage of manufacture of the nozzle 10according to the preferred method. 1

The similarity between the shape of the work piece 26 and the shape ofthe nozzle 10 will be apparent, the former diifering from the latteronly with respect to the lip section 18, such work piece 26 comprising ahollow circular cylindrical section 28 having an annular rib 30 thereon,a wall 32 partially closing one end of the cylindrical section 28, and ahollow, circular, cylindrical section 34 integral with the wall 32.

The passageway through the work piece 26 is composed of three portions,namely, passageway portion 36 corresponding to passageway portion 20 ofnozzle 10, passageway portion 38 corresponding to passageway portion 22of nozzle 10, and a passageway portion 40 extending through thecylindrical section 34. The passageway portions 36, 38 and 40 areaxially aligned and each is of circular cross section, the passagewayportions 38 and 40 being of equal and uniform diameter throughout theiraxial extents. The shape of the work piece 26 can be obtained by variousmethods, such as casting following by machining, die casting, molding,or by turning on a lathe from solid stock, the latter method beingpreferred. The work piece 26 may be fashioned from materials such asvarious metals, their alloys, and plastics. In fabricating the nozzle 10according to the preferred method, it is essential that the materialforming the work :piece 26 be of such character as to withstand thehereinafter described flattening operation. Among such ma- 3 terials maybe mentioned copper, malleable alloys such as brass, and thermo plasticresins.

The hereinbefore mentioned flattening operation consists of partiallyflattening the outer extremity of the cylindrical section 34 until theouter extremity has the transverse configuration of the lip section 18as shown in Figure 1, that is, until the cross section of the outerextremity of the passageway portion 40 assumes an elongatedconfiguration of closely-spaced parallel sides and generallysemicircular ends. It is essential that the fiattening operation be soconducted that the cylindrical portion 34 is flattened to a uniformextent for a minor part of the axial extent of the cylindrical portion34 that is immediately adjacent the outer extremity of the cylindricalportion 34. Flattening the cylindrical portion 34 in such a mannerinsures the rate of change of the transverse dimensions of thepassageway therethrough approaching zero adjacent the outer extremity ofthe cylindrical portion 34-. Inasmuch as the transverse dimensions ofthe cylindrical portion 34 are effectively reinforced at the juncture ofcylindrical portion 34 with the wall 32, and since the forces applied tothe cylindrical portion 34 during the flattening operation are appliedprimarily to the part of the cylindrical portion 34 immediately adjacentthe outer extremity thereof, the substantially uniform wall thickness ofthe cylindrical portion 34 results in the smoothly varying distortion ofthe cylindrical portion 34 intermediate its ends possessed by the lipsection 1 8 of the finished nozzle 10.

The aforementioned flattening operation may be accomplished by any ofvarious known methods for deforming bodies, such as forging, or bysimply placing that part of the outer extremity of the cylindricalportion 34 to be uniformly flattened within a vise and, with such vise,applying the necessary transverse forces. Depending upon the characterof the material forming the cylindrical portion 34, the flatteningoperation may be facilitated by heating the same, the possible necessityfor such heating or the desirability thereof being deemed well withinthe scope of the skill of the art.

In some instances, the cross section of the passageway 40 at the outerextremity thereof may tend towards having concaved sides during theflattening operation; in which event such deformation will be easilyrecognized and prevented by inserting a flat spacer within the outerextremity of the passageway 40 having a thickness equal to the desiredultimate breadth of the passageway 40.

It is preferred that the uniformly flattened extremity of thecylindrical portion 34 be of very short axial extent,

it only being necessary that the rate of change of the transversedimensions of the passageway be equal to, or very closely approach zeroimmediately adjacent the discharge end thereof. Accordingly, aftercompletion of the flattening operation, the axial extent of theuniformly flattened cylindrical portion 34 may be reduced, if desired,by sawing, grinding or otherwise removing a part or substantially all ofthe axial extent of the uniformly flattened part of the cylindricalportion 34.

For example, nozzles constructed in accordance with the principles ofthis invention in which the width of the cross section of the dischargeend of the passageway has varied from 0.006 inch to 0.020 inch and thelength from 0.075 inch to 0.300 inch and having a uniformly flattenedaxial extent of about Q of an inch have been found to be quitesatisfactory. Of course, uniformly flattened axial extents defining thelength of the passageway portion 25 can be substantially longer withotherwise larger nozzles, but preferably should not be as long as theprogressively varying passageway portion 24.

Referring now to Figure 4, wherein there is shown a nozzle assemblydesignated generally at 42, such nozzle assembly 42 comprising anadaptor or feed conduit 44 having an externally threaded end portion 46.The nozzle abuts the outer extremity of the threaded portion 46 of thefeed conduit 44 and is in axial alignment therewith; the nozzle 10 beingsecured in position by a gland nut or coupling member 48 threaded uponthe threaded portion 46 of the feed conduit 34 and having an inturnedflange 50 engaging the mounting rib 14. In the preferred construction,the internal surface of the outer extremity of the threaded portion 46of the feed conduit 44 is tapered as at 52. The relation between thefeed conduit 44, the coupling 48, and the nozzle 10 is such that thecoupling 48 can be removed from the feed conduit 44 for convenientreplacement of the nozzle 10 and, in addition, the coupling 48 can beunscrewed slightly from the position shown thereof in Figure 4 and thenozzle 10 then rotated about its longitudinal axis relative to the feedconduit 44 and the coupling 48 again tightened to fixedly secure thenozzle 10 in adjusted position.

The chief advantages of the instant invention reside in the economicalmanner in which the nozzle 10 may be manufactured, and especially in theunique configuration of the passageway portions 24 and 25 which are suchthat a liquid directed through the nozzle 10 will be emitted in a streamflat in cross section, and which stream will retain its transversedimensions for a substantial distance from the nozzle. The streamvelocity is accelerated during transit through the passageway portion24, with the axial extent of the passageway portion 25 having the leasthydraulic radius being extremely short, whereby high stream velocitiesmay be realized in relation to the fluid pressure applied at the nozzleinlet.

The nozzle of the present invention is of particular value in directinga stream of cutting oil upon a cutting tool during machining operations,since the substantial non-flaring characteristics of the dischargestream permits considerable freedom in adjusting the nozzle towards andawayfrom the work.

The hereinbefore described angular adjustability of the nozzle 10 aboutits longitudinal axi with respect to its feed conduit 44, enables properorientation of the plane of the fiat liquid stream emitted from thenozzle 10 without adversely affecting the seal between the nozzle 10 andthe feed conduit 44.

The instant invention is subject to numerous variations withoutdeparting from the scope thereof, particularly :with respect to thetransverse dimensions of the passageway portions 20 and 22. For example,either or both of the passageway portions 20 and 22 may be tapered towards the passagewayportion 24.

The invention has been described in considerable detail for the purposeof conveying a full and complete understanding thereof and not for thepurpose of limiting its scope. The scope of the invention is to beascertained by reference to the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a nozzle, a passageway having a longitudinally straight axis, saidpassageway including first and second portions and an intermediateportion disposed between and contiguous to said first and secondportions, said first portion being of circular cross section, saidsecond portion having an elongated cross section with substantiallyparallel sides and being of constant cross sectional. area andconfiguration throughout its length, said intermediate portion of thepassageway having mutually perpendicular transverse dimensionsthatprogressively change throughout the axial length of the intermediateportion, with the rate of each of said dimensional changes smoothly andcontinuously varying throughout the axial length of said intermediateportion of the passageway so that the progressive changes as well as therates thereof equal zero at the opposite extremities. of saidintermediate portion, said second portion of the passageway being oflesser cross sectional area than the first portion of the passageway andconstituting the nozzle exit, said second portion of the passagewayhaving an axial length that is a minor fraction of the axial length ofthe intermediate'portion.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the length of the transverseperiphery of the intermediate portion of the passageway is substantiallyconstant throughout the axial length of said intermediate portion of thepassageway.

3. A nozzle assembly comprising a nozzle provided with a passagewaytherethrough having a longitudinally straight axis, said passagewayincluding first and second portions and an intermediate portion disposedbetween and contiguous to said first and second portions, said firstportion being of circular cross section, said second portion having anelongated cross section with substantially parallel sides and being ofconstant cross sectional area and configuration throughout its length,said intermediate portion of the passageway having mutuallyperpendicular transverse dimensions that progressively change throughoutthe axial length of the intermediate portion, with the rate of each ofsaid dimensional changes smoothly and continuously varying throughoutthe axial length of said intermediate portion of the passageway so thatthe progressive changes as well as the rates thereof equal zero at theopposite extremities of said intermediate portion, said second portionof the passageway being of lesser cross sectional area than the firstportion of the passageway and constituting the nozzle exit, said secondportion of the passageway having an axial length that is a minorfraction of the axial length of the intermediate portion, said nozzleincluding intermediate its ends a radially extending annular mountingrib, an externally threaded feed conduit of greater external diameterthan the mounting rib in longitudinal alignment with said nozzle, saidfeed conduit receiving the inlet end of the nozzle and abutting saidrib, and means for securing the nozzle and the feed conduit in relativeangular adjustment, said means including an internally threaded couplingmember threaded on the feed conduit, said means also including aninwardly extending securing flange carried by the coupling member inengagement with the mounting rib.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS577,362 Ettlinger Feb. 16, 1897 735,287 Neuendorff Aug. 4, 19031,033,195 Robinson July 23, 1912 1,441,982 Heylman Jan. 9, 19231,710,903 Sullivan Apr. 30, 1929 2,026,743 Kurtz Jan. 7, 1936 2,069,733Zinkil Feb. 2, 1937 2,115,442 Emery Apr. 26, 1938 2,116,863 Dinley May10, 1938 2,166,300 Komar July 18, 1939 2,171,023 Buxton Aug. 29, 19392,564,818 Schwartz Aug. 21, 1951 2,629,632 Munson Feb. 24,1953 2,655,408Williams Oct. 13, 1953 2,682,429 Fortino June 29, 1954 2,699,357 RothJan. 11, 1955

